Landsat 4 (MSS)
Landsat 4 (MSS) Imagery
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Hamadan Province, Iran 34.64389°N 48.53004°E -
Hevel Eilot 29.780596, 34.906814
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Tabuleiro do Norte, Brazil 5.73726°S 38.03879°W
About Landsat 4 (MSS)
The LANDSAT project commenced in 1972 with the launch of the Landsat 1 spacecraft. Initially, the system was operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, and in 1983 was transferred to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Landsat 4 was launched on July 16, 1982. MSS sensors were identical to those on the previous Landsat satellites. The four spectral bands were numbered from 1 to 4, since RBVs were no longer used.
MSS sensors acquired images of the Earth from July 1972 to January 1999. The imagery collected during the first decade of these missions predates most other operational imaging efforts, providing a unique view of the Earth that was not available elsewhere. These early missions also provided the first digital remote sensing products to the scientific community.
Landsat 4 (MSS) Characteristics
- Characteristic
- Description
- Participants
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- NASA
- NOAA
- EOSAT
- DOI USGS
- Launch Date
- July 16, 1982
- Vehicle
- Delta 3920
- Site
- Vandenberg Air Force Base, California
- Spacecraft
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- 3-axis stabilized, zero momentum with control of 0.01 deg using reaction wheels
- Aluminum with graphite struts
- Hydrazine propulsion system
- Single solar array with 1-axis articulation
- Three Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries provide 100 Ampere-Hour (AHr ) total
- Retractable boom (4 m long) with 2 powered joints supports the articulated High Gain Antenna, which downlinked data via the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS)
- Weight: approximately 4,300 lbs (1,942 kg)
- Communications
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- Direct downlink with TDRSS
- Data rate: 85 Mbps
- Communications system uses S, X, L, and Ku Bands
- Quantization: 8 bit (256 levels)
- Orbit
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- Worldwide References System-2 (WRS-2) path/row system
- Circular, sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit at an altitude of 705 km (438 mi)
- Inclined at 98.2°
- Circled the Earth every 99 minutes
- Repeat cycle: 16 days
- Equatorial crossing time: 9:45 a.m. +/- 15 minutes
- Swath width: 185 km (115 mi)
- Sensors
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- Multispectral Scanner (MSS)
- Thematic Mapper (TM)
- Scene size
- 170 km x 185 km (106 mi x 115 mi)
- Design life
- Minumum of 3 years
Landsat 4 (MSS) Bands
| Sensor | Band number | Band name | Wavelength (μm) | Resolution (m) | Band Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSS | 1 | Visible Green | 0.5 - 0.6 | 60 | Sediment-laden water, delineates areas of shallow water |
| MSS | 2 | Visible Red | 0.6 - 0.7 | 60 | Cultural features |
| MSS | 3 | NIR | 0.7 - 0.8 | 60 | Vegetation boundary between land and water, and landforms |
| MSS | 4 | NIR | 0.8 - 1.1 | 60 | Penetrates atmospheric haze best, emphasizes vegetation, boundary between land and water, and landforms |